Charles IV (1748-1819) was king of Spain between 1788 and 1808. He was the son of Charles III and Maria Amalia of Saxony. His reign was dominated by the influence of his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma, and by Manuel Godoy (Gómez de Arteche, 1892). The figure of Godoy was highly questioned and provoked serious discontent among different social and political sectors. In 1808, after the mutiny of Aranjuez and the pressure of the uprisings against the French presence, Charles IV abdicated in favor of his son Ferdinand VII. He then lived in exile, first in Rome and then in Naples (Smerdou, 2000; Egido, 2001).
Bibliography
EGIDO, Teófanes (2001): Carlos IV, Arlanza, Madrid.
GÓMEZ DE ARTECHE, José (1892): Reinado de Carlos IV, vol. 1, El Progreso, Madrid.
SMERDOU, Luis (2000): Carlos IV en el exilio, Eunsa, Pamplona.