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Title

Saint Michael

Encinas, Gil de (Active in Zamora since 1501)

Generic classification
Painting
Object
Painting
Date
ca. 1510
Century
Early 16th c.
Cultural context / style
Renaissance
Material
Canvas
Technique
Oil Painting
Iconography / Theme
Demonio, San Miguel
Provenance
Possible origin from Castile and Leon (Castilla y León, Possible origin from Castile and Leon, Spain)
Current location
Kisters Collection (Kreuzlingen, Germany)
Object history

Although Vandevivere (1985) attributed this work to the Master of Astorga, Fiz (2015; 2023) stated that it was by Gil de Encinas, a hypothesis that Ballesté Escorihuela (2017) also supports. It is most likely that this piece was designed to be placed in an altarpiece. Its provenance is unknown, but it should be borne in mind that both, the Master of Astorga and Gil de Encinas, worked in the territory that is now Castilla y León. The work formed part of the Arenaza collection in Madrid (Ballesté Escorihuela, 2017) and later passed to the private collection of the Kisters of Kreuslinger (Germany).

Description

St Michael is depicted vanquishing the devil and holding a set of scales in his hands. The figure's human form and the folds of his garment are reminiscent of Flemish models.

Locations
* The relative location of dealers, antique shops, art galleries, and collectors leads us to the places where they were based or had one of their main headquarters. However, this does not always indicate that every artwork that passed through their hands was physically located there. In the case of antique dealers and art merchants, their business often extended across multiple territories; sometimes they would purchase items at their origin and send them directly to clients. Similarly, some collectors owned multiple residences, sometimes in different countries, where they housed their collections. It is often difficult to determine exactly where a specific piece was kept during its time in their possession. Consequently, the main location of the dealer or collector is indicated. These factors should be considered when interpreting the map. Refer to the object's history in each case.
Bibliography
  • BALLESTÉ ESCORIHUELA, Marc (2017): De la pintura Hispano-flamenca al primer Renacimiento en las antiguas diócesis de León y Astorga: El Maestro de Palanquinos y el Maestro de Astorga (c. 1480-1540), Universidad de Lleida (Tesis doctoral), Lleida, p. 194; 256.
  • FIZ FUERTES, Irune (2013): "Gil de Encinas y Bartolomé de Santa Cruz en el retablo de Horcajo de las Tormes (Ávila) y su relación con el taller del Maestro de Astorga", nº 79, BSAA, Arte.
  • FIZ FUERTES, Irune (2023): Pintura y pintores en Zamora (1525-1580). Un estudio del caso sobre la asimilación del Renacimiento en el noroeste castellano-leonés y su irradiación, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, pp. 60-61.
  • VANDEVIVERE, Ignace (1985): Juan de Flandes, Europalia, Brujas, p. 95.
Citation:

Isabel Escalera Fernández, "Saint Michael" in Nostra et Mundi. Cultural Heritage from Castile and Leon around the world, Fundación Castilla y León, 2025. https://inventario.nostraetmundi.com/en/work/58

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